March 9th in Indian history will be marked in red letters as the day when women in India were shown the path of equality and empowerment. That’s what most news papers in India have been highlighting after the Women’s reservation bill made its way through the Upper house of the parliament with a thumping majority- in spite of some initial hiccups. This bill ensures a reservation of one third of the total representation at the parliament and state legislator level for women. For those who love numbers, this means 180 seats out of the 544 seats will now be occupied by women. After initially being constituted by the Deva Gowda’s government in the mid-90’s , it finally found a ray of light at the end of a decade and a half long tunnel on March 9th ( yes that’s right, only a ray… the bill still needs to be passed in the lower house of the parliament). As every legislation or regulation in this world, this one also came with a bus full of opponents, not from opposition parties but ironically from coalition members. Leaving the mundane politics aside, I personally have a very strong view on how this legislation has been hailed. Before anyone reads ahead, I would like to make it clear that I am not against equality for women and their empowerment. What I am against here is the importance given to this bill, claiming it as the path to equality, justice and empowerment. I have my own views on how this bill might be (miss)used along with what I think are more grass root solutions.
As a brief on what this bill spells out which looks surprising to me:
1. 33% reservation for women in national and state representation
What it means: 181 seats will be now occupied by women
2. Constituencies will be reserved on a lottery system
What it means: In every election a certain number of constituencies will be picked arbitrarily through lottery and designated as women contestant only
3. Reservation of constituencies on rotation basis
What it means: On completion of a full term, the constituency which was reserved for a woman candidate will be made open for either gender
4. This reservation system will be active for 15 years from the year of implementation
What it means: The methodology will be implemented religiously for 15 years (minimum of 3 general elections) before it is evaluated
These are just few of the stricking point in the bill which caught my attention. I am sure people like my brother would have read deeper into the bill, but even they cannot deny not spotting these points.
My views on these point:
Point-1:
Apart from the 33% if we consider the already implemented 22.5% for ST and SC, it leaves only 45% for all other sections of society and gender, exposing the question on proper representation of the 1 billion people. Something I would like to call “forceful representation”
(note: this points holds false subjected to reservation in an reservation)
Point-2:
Has the constitution and electoral system of one of the world’s largest democracy become so frivolous that it is left to chance? What will happen if the constituency of an efficient MALE MP is converted under reservation and is forced to abstain from his position to a less popular or even an unknown entity to fulfill a party obligation? I am sure no other male candidate will forgo his constituency of this unfortunate MP, in spite of his prolific record. And what about all the work he has under taken and carried out during his previous term? Will be it carried forward with the same efficiency and determination. I won’t deny there is a possibility of a positive outcome also but again that’s a CHANCE.
Point-3:
Again, a joke when it comes to rotation system or to put it due to lack of word-“MUSICAL CHAIR”. Let’s say that during the first cycle the constituency is reserved for a women candidate and the next is kept open for either gender, during which the party decides to field a male candidate. Next, he wins the election and during his term gets to know that in the following general election, his constituency is reassigned for a women candidate. What incentive will he have to look forward (when he knows he will be asked to abstain his seat in the next term) to continuing his work or even get reelected based on his performance and popularity. The same will apply for a women candidate, who through the term is aware that the chopping block is hanging over her head.
Point-4:
Haven’t we seen from the time of implementation of the constitution to this date, that when reservation legislation is passed it is meant to stay, not on its merit but for the pity political games our system plays called “vote bank”. The initial reservations penned by Dr. Ambedkar were expected to terminate less than two decades after the constitution was implemented ( if I am not wrong on that number). Today after 60 years of India being republic, we still live by those reservations and by the looks of it won’t go for another 60 years. So when this bill states that it will be implemented for 15 years ( or a minimum of 3 general elections), I won’t be surprised if the then government decides to continue it for another 15. History speaks for itself!!
Now coming to the issue of women empowerment and equality starting from the grassroots to the most privileged in the society-
In the late 90’s we was a prime example of how this bill can be (miss)used. Remember Lalu Prasad Yadav and Rabri Devi ? Puppet treatment or pseudo control of the Bihar government showed the loop holes in the system which has been exploited in true sense even in the last general election. So with this reservation bill, are we hoping that a woman from rural regions will be given an opportunity to contest elections from Lalu’s constituency? I am sure we will see his wife or daughter or even daughter-in-law contesting the election and reserving the seat till he is able to contest again under the rotation system. How about Mulayam Singh Yadav.... he fielded his daughter-in-law in last years bi-election and his son in the general election. Ironically, these two men have been strong opponents of this bill. But I won’t be surprised if they are the first to miss use this bill if the lottery system affects their candidacy. We are already known for our dynastic politics in the recent decade and this bill will further fuel this virus, impeding the growth of young, fresh and intellectual individuals into politics.
Contesting an election anywhere in the world is not a cheap affair. Contestants have to shell out a minimum of 5-6 figures. Under such circumstances, are we to expect a Kantabhain, a Munnibhain, a Laxmiamma, a Fatima Begam, a Kuljeet Kaur etc.. from remote regions of rural India to come up and contest elections, when they find it hard to met ends on a day to day bases? If they do manage, how do you expect them to recover that cost or loan? Hmmm… something to think about.. Corruption is a popular mean! (If not the last resort)
A we sure, that a women candidate will be not biased against her male counter parts and might focus only on women in the constituency ignoring the men ( bent up feminist anger!!!). What if this women candidate does not have the same competence and efficiency to work towards the concern of women compared to her male predecessor? Do you think that the women in the constituency will vote her back when she comes up for election in her rotation? Again we are playing with the word CHANCE.
Having a women doesn’t always mean that it will reciprocate in a positive response towards the women in the country. Look at Madam Mayavathi, called “Dalith ki Beti” has a questionable record of how much she has done to empower women in her state, forget about the daliths. How about Jaya Lalitha Amma, she spends all her term as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu undoing what the previous government did and by the time she realizes, it time for her to lose the election. How about the country’s most popular Chief Minister- Ms. Shiela Dixit, voted into power for 3 terms and still Delhi/NCR considered amongst the most unsafe places for women in the country. We might have had great female leaders like Sarojni Naidu and Indira Gandhi but neither of them came from the grass roots. Both have prolific backgrounds and affluent families- one a daughter of the first Prime Minister of India and the other the daughter of the founder of the Nizam College in Hyderabad and the first member of the INC for Hyderabad.
If we really want women representatives in the government then I propose couple of solutions from my side. Idealistic as they might sound they are surely debatable.
1. Form a system to have a junior MP position accompanying a senior MP…this give ample time for both the young male and the ladies to get accustomed to the busy corridors of power.
2. Have a system (which needs a lot of fine tuning) which has a women and male candidate fighting as a team and then based on consensus determine the junior and senior MP (popularity , votes , qualification etc can be suitable criteria)
In order to empower women, improve their quality of life and give equal opportunity, the government can implement many means starting from the grass root levels. I personally have few views which I believe will at least initiate the process;
When it comes to education… provide incentives to parents to send their daughters to school
1. Free and compulsory education
2. Tax incentive to households educating women
3. Low interest rate education loans
4. Government funded scholarships for women
When it comes to health care
1. Low cost health insurance
2. Maximum coverage of medical bills pertaining to pregnancy
When it comes to governance
1. Governing bodies only focusing on women development
2. These bodies linked to associated government departments eg… Finance, agriculture, HRD, labor, health etc.. to colaborate initiatives focusing on betterment of women in the country.
The governments over the years have implemented few of the strategies, but failed to oversee their efficient implementation through every spectrum of the society. That is why we see such disparity in the urban working middle class women to the rural home maker. In contemporary world, the words reservation, quota and affirmative action implies the acceptance of failure by the people and government to curb the difference between the able and the unable, the equal and the unequal and the privileged and the deprived. It’s not only this bill which will bring about the change we seek towards women for which we rejoice so much, but it’s the proper implementation of grass root strategies which will transform the weak foundation of the Indian women at par of that of a MAN or even the WORLD.